What causes arthritis?

Cartilage is a smooth substance that protects the ends of your bones and provides cushioning. When you have arthritis, this cartilage breaks down and can no longer protect your bones. This can happen from an autoimmune disease. Or it can happen from wear and tear, infections, or injury. The bones rub against each other, causing pain and swelling. Over time, small pieces of rough or splintered bone (bone spurs) may develop. The joint's range of motion can become limited.

Healthy knee joint.

Knee joint with arthritis.

Symptoms

Some of the more common symptoms of arthritis include:

• Joint pain and stiffness. These symptoms get worse with long periods of rest. They may also get worse from using a joint too long or too hard.

• Loss of normal shape and motion. Joints may look swollen and be hard to move.

• Sore, inflamed joints. They may look red and feel warm.

• Grinding or popping noise. This happens with joint movement.

• Severe tiredness (fatigue). You may feel tired all the time.

Reducing symptoms

You can help ease symptoms in these ways:

• Losing weight

• Exercising on a regular basis

• Strengthening muscles around the joint to reduce the strain on the joint

• Using hot and cold packs on your joints

• Using over-the-counter and prescription medicines

Talk with your healthcare provider about the best treatments for your condition.